Retinol Cica Moisture Recovery Serum - Facial Serum

• Niacinamide

Multiple randomized human trials have measured niacinamide’s impact on skin pigmentation and the appearance of dark patches. These studies observed changes in how pigment is transferred to skin cells. While this evidence is strong, most trials involved small groups of participants, which limits how broadly these findings can be applied to all skin types.

• Retinol

Randomized trials involving 69 participants measured changes in skin texture and appearance after retinol application. While these studies observed shifts in skin markers and visible surface lines, some testing conditions differed from typical daily use. Because these findings rely on specific lab settings, the evidence supporting these visible changes is considered moderate.

Minimizes pores

• Niacinamide

Randomized human trials involving 50 participants measured changes in sebum production and pore appearance after applying 2% niacinamide. While these studies observed changes in skin texture, most were funded by the industry, which can influence how results are reported. Consequently, the evidence supporting these findings is considered moderate.