Evidence by claim
- Smooths wrinklesModerate evidence
- Retinol
Randomized trials involving 69 participants measured changes in skin texture and appearance after retinol application. While these studies observed shifts in skin markers and visible surface lines, some testing conditions differed from typical daily use. Because these findings rely on specific lab settings, the evidence supporting these visible changes is considered moderate.
- Supports collagenVery limited evidence
- Ascorbic Acid
Current evidence is limited to laboratory studies on isolated skin cells rather than tests on people. These studies measured increased levels of messenger RNA associated with collagen production when exposed to vitamin C. Because this research was conducted in a lab setting, it remains unclear how these findings translate to the complex environment of living human skin.
